Question 1: Aaron, as a personal injury attorney in Springfield, Mo with offices also in Joplin, Mo and Columbia / Jefferson City Mo, I am sure you hear about all types of accidents. This week’s topic is ski and snowboard liability issues. Skiing and snowboard are obviously popular winter sports, how many people get injured every year?
AWS: There are about 150,000 to 200,000 injuries each year. But don’t fear — the vast majority of incidents are minor yard sale types of crashes (a yard sale is when someone goes down on the slopes and his/her hat goes off in one direction, skis and poles in another, etc. so it looks like a yard sale).
Also, due to better equipment, the number of ski injuries overall has declined by about 50% since 1970.
According to the National Ski Area Association serious injuries serious head or traumatic brain injuries, , paraplegics and other serious injuries) occur at a rate of about 43.6 per year, and about 39.8 people die every year.
ACL-tears, one of the most common skiing injuries, account for about 20,000 ski injuries a year.
The national injury rate for downhill skiers is 3.37 injuries per 1,000 skier visits (”SV”). Injury rates for snowboarders are 3.03 injuries per 1,000 SVs
Question 2: What happens when someone gets injured through no fault of their own?
AWS: Good question because even with a minor injury there can be costly medical bills, and possibly loss of income.
The questions you want to ask in these types of personal injury cases includes , who is liable? Is the ski area responsible? The skier? The lift operator? When you ski, there is an assumption of risk, or inherent danger. So for the majority of injuries, there is no liability issue.
There are 3 main types of liability issues in these types of personal injury cases:
1) Downhill ski accidents
Ski areas must provide ample and obvious signs, warnings and other trail markers to protect the skiers. An injury caused by the failure on the ski area’s part to do so could result in a lawsuit.
2) Lift operator accidents
Skiers injured in lift accidents can claim damages if the accident is due to faulty design, operation or maintenance. The more common occurrence of in lift accident injuries is due to negligent operation, failure to stop lift, clear ramp, etc. Those incidents are also usually actionable.
3) Collision with another skier or snowboarder
Most states hold skiers and snowboarders financially responsible to other skiers for negligent behavior that results in a collision. In fact, if the reckless skiing results in severe injury or death, the skier may be charged with a criminal felony.
Important to remember, thought, that ski laws vary from state to state.
Question 3: What about ski waivers? If I sign something that waives my rights to sue the ski area, can I still do so? Are they valid?
AWS: When you rent equipment, buy a season pass or take a ski lesson, you will most likely have to sign a waiver or release form. Those forms contain language that generally protects the ski area against claims arising from almost any injury claim. So, if the ski area is negligent and you injure yourself, does this waiver preclude you from filing a claim against the resort? Definitely not.
But, again, ski law varies from state to state. The Utah Supreme Court, for example, recently ruled 3-2, that those waivers are void as against state public policy in 2007. Yet in another case that same year in Pennsylvania, a split three-judge panel found that a snow tuber who signed a liability release couldn’t bring suit against the resort for alleged negligence of an employee who instructed the plaintiff to exit the snow tube in a direction that brought her in the path of oncoming snow tubers.
Question 4: What about in the case of a collision with another skier? Can one, or more people, be at fault if there is a collision or is a collision considered an “inherent risk”?
AWS: Again, definitions of “inherent risk” vary from state to state. Some states view a collision with another skier as an inherent risk — but not a collision with a reckless skier. Skiers, and snowboarders, are expected ski in control, exercise caution, maintain a lookout, yield to skiers already on trails, and avoid collision with skiers below. If a skier should violate that and collide into another skier, then that skier can be considered reckless – and liable.
The presumption is usually that the uphill skier is at fault and is responsible for damages.
Question 5/Wrap Up: Any advice for how to avoid getting injured on the slopes?
AWS: A few tips include:
1) Always wear a helmet. Helmets have been conclusively proven to effectively reduce the incidence and severity of head injuries in skier accidents.
2) Ski to your ability. Avoid daredevil stunts or skiing on terrain that is beyond your ski level.
3) Observe all safety and warning signs
4) When waiting for a friend or family member on the slope, wait on the side of the run, and not in the middle, don’t wait below a ridge where you might not be visible.